Cette phrase est en relation avec une période de réformes économiques en Chine pour créer une économie de marché socialiste. De nombreux services chinois sont également temporairement bloqués sur la même période[100]. [180] Obfsproxy[181] and other pluggable transports do allow users to evade deep-packet inspection. Les utilisateurs ont également la possibilité de signaler les mauvaises conduites des autres utilisateurs en cas de délit de « mise en danger de la sécurité nationale, divulgation de secrets d'État, renversement du gouvernement, sabotage de l'unité nationale, diffusion de rumeurs ou perturbation de l'ordre social »[119]. This page was last edited on 11 February 2021, at 23:35. Digitpol, a Cyber Crime Investigation Agency provides operational and forensic support to firms that have fallen victim to BEC fraud, email fraud, invoice fraud and the stolen funds have been wired to bank accounts in Hong Kong. Le gouvernement chinois bloque l'encyclopédie Wikipédia, et ce, dans toutes les versions linguistiques du site, à l'occasion des 30 ans de la répression de Tian'anmen[114],[115]. ", "Now China's WeChat App is Censoring Its Users Globally", "To safeguard national security, it is time for China to build up nuclear deterrent", "China's government has blocked Wikipedia in its entirety again", "Wikipedia Disturbed Over Fresh China Censorship", "Chinese Wikipedia Blocked by Great Firewall", "The Wikimedia Foundation Turns On HTTPS By Default Across All Sites, Including Wikipedia", "All references to Tiananmen Square massacre closely censored for 20 years", "China's robot censors crank up as Tiananmen anniversary nears", "Chinese websites mark Tiananmen Square anniversary with veiled protest", "Tiananmen Effect: "Big Yellow Duck" a Banned Term", https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/12/world/asia/china-turns-up-the-rhetoric-against-the-west.html, "Michael Anti: Behind the Great Firewall of China", "Subtle censorship at its finest: Weibo took out candle icon ahead of Tiananmen anniversary", "China Is Experimenting with a New Form of Internet Censorship", "Tiananmen Square Massacre: Chinese Censors Ban "Big Yellow Duck" from Internet", "Did Egypt Really 'Shut Off' the Internet? Harwit, Eric. En accord avec ces lois, plus de soixante réglementations pour Internet ont été menées par le gouvernement de la république populaire de Chine (RPC). [35], In the middle of 2005, China purchased over 200 routers from an American company, Cisco Systems, which enabled the Chinese government to use more advanced censor technology. Après la collision de trains à Wenzhou en 2011, le gouvernement commence à mettre en avant le danger de répandre de « fausses rumeurs » (yaoyan), enclenchant un débat public sur l'usage permissif de Weibo et des réseaux sociaux[91]. [42] Chairing the 2018 China Cyberspace Governance Conference on 20 and 21 April 2018, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, committed to "fiercely crack down on criminal offenses including hacking, telecom fraud, and violation of citizens' privacy. [citation needed] Sina Weibo is one of the largest Chinese microblogging services. The vulnerability is not new; it was published in a Chinese security and web forum around 2013. In a bid to better police local websites, the country’s security forces are establishing offices at the biggest online firms in the country. Le PCC et Sina Weibo : du contrôle à la création politique de l’information, 2013 : IEEE Internet Computing (Mars/avril 2003), Pascale Nivelle, « À Pékin, les JO se rapprochent, pas les libertés », dans, Censure d'Internet en République populaire de Chine, Internet en république populaire de Chine, ministère de la Sécurité publique de la république populaire de Chine, manifestations pro-démocratiques de la place Tian'anmen, « II. For example, The New York Times was unblocked when reporters in a private interview with CCP General Secretary Jiang Zemin specifically asked about the block and he replied that he would look into the matter. Incitation à s'opposer ou violation de la Constitution ou les lois ou l'exécution des réglementations administratives ; Incitation au renversement du gouvernement ou du système socialiste ; Incitation à la division du pays, nuisance à l'unification nationale ; Incitation à la haine ou la discrimination envers les ethnies ou nuisance à l'unité des ethnies ; Fabrication de mensonges ou déformation de la vérité, propagation de rumeurs, destruction de l'ordre de la société ; Promotion de superstitions féodales, de matériel sexuellement suggestif, de paris, de la violence, du meurtre ; Terrorisme ou incitation de tiers à mener des activités criminelles ; insultes ouvertes envers d'autres personnes ou distorsion de la vérité pour calomnier une personne ; Attaque de la réputation des organisations d'État ; Toute activité contraire à la Constitution, aux lois ou réglementations administratives. L'association Reporters sans frontières basée à Paris affirme en 2010 et 2012 que la RPC « est la plus grande prison au monde pour netizens »[3],[4]. Un exemple significatif est l'explosion d'une école en 2001 : les autorités locales voulaient supprimer l'information que les feux d'artifice artisanaux responsables de l'accident avaient été fabriqués par des enfants. L'interdiction apparaît surtout non coordonnée et ad hoc, avec certains sites bloqués, alors que d'autres sites similaires sont autorisés ou bloqué dans une ville mais disponibles dans le reste du pays. If a site was inaccessible, then it was added to Google China's blocklist. La première est intitulée Réglementation temporaire pour la gestion de la connexion au réseau international d'information. Ils diffusent ainsi des images ou des dessins humoristiques similaires à l'image de Tank Man sur Weibo[102]. In a bid to better police local websites, the country’s security forces are establishing offices at the biggest online firms in the country. Les nouvelles réglementations émises par le Comité permanent du Congrès national du peuple permettent aux utilisateurs de continuer à utiliser des pseudonymes, mais uniquement s'ils ont préalablement fourni leur vrai patronyme aux FAI, une mesure qui a pour but de refroidir certains discours sur les sites locaux de type Twitter. Since 2001, blocks on Western media sites have been further relaxed, and all three of the sites previously mentioned were accessible from mainland China. These companies will be required to keep a log with information such as activities of users posting in blogs, microblogs, chat rooms, short vi… The document states, "Laws and regulations prohibit the spread of information that contains content subverting state power, undermining national unity [or] infringing upon national honor and interests." China and the Internet. Toutefois, l'accès au New York Times est à nouveau bloqué en décembre 2008[19]. [132][133][134], Lagerkvist states that the Chinese government, however, does not see subtle criticisms on the Internet as real threats that carry significant political meanings and topple the government. En mai 2011, le Bureau d'information du Conseil d'État annonce le transfert de ses services qui régulent Internet vers une nouvelle agence, le Bureau d'État sur l'information d'Internet, qui est responsable de la régulation d'Internet en Chine. Tenter de chercher des mots censurés sur ces sites conduira à obtenir peu ou pas de résultats. Police arrested him in November 2004, charging him with "illegally providing state secrets to foreign entities". Violators could face a fine of up to CNY 15,000 (roughly US$1,800). As a teacher in Sichuan province, he had taken photographs of collapsed schools and posted these photos online. (Although the government and media often use the microblogging service Sina Weibo to spread ideas and monitor corruption, it is also supervised and self-censored by 700 Sina censors. It's making it work”, “China's censorship can never defeat the internet”, "Chinese Hackers Circumvent Popular Web Privacy Tools", "China's VPN crackdown is about money as much as censorship", "Censorship pays: China's state newspaper expands lucrative online scrubbing business", "Social media and censorship in China: how is it different to the West? "Roundtable: The Struggle to Control Information", "MySpace now available in China – minus politics and religion", "The Chinese Internet Crash of 2007 – Calamity or Capitalism? Des tests menés par Freedom House en 2011 confirment que les articles écrits par ou au sujet de blogueurs activistes sont supprimés d'Internet chinois dans une opération désigné comme « cyber-disparition. The widely circulated image became the most censored picture of the year in 2015. Illegal content may be censored with the likes of pornographic content, content that promotes crime or violence and certain topics deemed to be controversial. Audie Cornish talks to Gary King, director of Harvard University's Institute for Quantitative Social Science, about new research that looks at the types of online postings censored by the Chinese government. Dans la seconde moitié de l'année 2009, les sites de réseaux sociaux Facebook et Twitter sont bloqués, vraisemblablement à cause de présence de commentaires sociaux et politiques, par exemple sur les émeutes de juillet 2009 à URumqi[86],[87]. [44], On 4 January 2019, Cyberspace Administration of China started a project to take down pornography, violence, bloody content, horror, gambling, defrauding, Internet rumors, superstition, invectives, parody, threats, and proliferation of "bad lifestyles" and "bad popular culture". » Mais dans le document le gouvernement étale certaines des raisons pour lesquelles les citoyens ne peuvent pas accéder à l'ensemble de cette sagesse. Toutefois, certains proxy bien connus sont bloqués. Les internautes dissidents risquent de lourdes peines de prison. » Le directeur général de Jinhui, qui a développé Green Dam déclare que « notre logiciel n'est tous simplement pas capable d'espionner les utilisateurs d'internet, il s'agit uniquement d'un filtre. According to a Harvard study, at least 18,000 websites were blocked from within mainland China in 2002,[78] including 12 out of the Top 100 Global Websites. [125][clarification needed], In 2009 the Guardian wrote that Chinese netizens responded with subtle protests against the government's temporary blockages of large web services. Comment la Chine contrôle Internet. Elles sont mises en application par les fournisseurs d'accès à Internet, entreprises et organisations contrôlés par les gouvernements provinciaux1. As of July 2016, 730,723,960 people (53.2% of the country's total population) were internet users. In September 2013, China's highest court and prosecution office issued guidelines that define and outline penalties for publishing online rumors and slander. Les dix animaux mythiques de Baidu, au départ des canulars que des internautes ont mis sur Baidu Baike, l'encyclopédie chinoise, sont devenus des mèmes très répandus en Chine[123],[124]. [102][103] Another reason suggested for the block is that activists can utilize them to organize themselves. [106] Keywords and images relating to the activist and his life were again blocked in July 2017, shortly after his death. Bien que de nombreux utilisateurs utilisent des VPN pour contourner le Grand Firewall de Chine, de nombreuses connexions Internet subissent désormais une inspection en profondeur des paquets qui permet de scanner les paquets avant même qu'ils ne soient autorisés à passer. & Industry for National Defense, CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, Central Leading Group for Inspection Work, Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission, Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong), Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police, Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR, Central Leading Group for Propaganda and Ideology, Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization, Central Publicity (Propaganda) Department, National Press and Publication Administration, National Radio and Television Administration, Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs, Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits, International Development Cooperation Agency, International Military Cooperation Office, State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association, non-mainstream views of love and marriage, Public Pledge on Self-Discipline for the Chinese Internet Industry, Great Firewall of China § Blocking methods, Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Internet Affairs Bureau of the State Council Information Office, pro-democracy protests in Tiananmen Square, 20th anniversary of Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China § Censorship and police responses, Internet censorship and surveillance by country, "US adopts policy of regime-change in Beijing", "Facebook, Twitter and YouTube Are Tools For Diplomacy", "Understanding Support for Internet Censorship in China: An Elaboration of the Theory of Reasoned Action", "Internet censorship in China - CNN iReport", "II. National security law: Hong Kong internet firms ‘will have to comply’ with police requests Analysts say newly adopted law gives authorities unfettered power, raising concerns over online privacy The censorship of individual social media posts in China usually occurs in two circumstances: 1. 'A not-so world wide web: the Internet, China, and the challenges to the non-democratic rule.' The software does not make clear to users its connection to the police. Remplaçant les idéologies politiques de la Révolution culturelle, les réformes menées par le pays ont pour but de bâtir une économie de marché et d'ouvrir le marché aux investisseurs étrangers. By 2002 the preliminary work of the Golden Shield Project had cost US$800 million (equivalent to RMB 5,000 million or €620 million). were arrested. China, Internet Freedom, and U.S. Policy Congressional Research Service Some experts argue that support for counter-censorship technology, which has long dominated the U.S. effort to promote global Internet freedom, has had an important but limited impact. Most youth crime in China can be blamed on negative influences from violent or pornographic Web sites, a police spokesman said on Thursday, justifying the country's latest crackdown on the Internet. This has the side effect of allowing it to circumvent several approaches to Internet censorship. [clarification needed], One part of the block is to filter the search results of certain terms on Chinese search engines. Greg Walton, un chercheur indépendant, affirme que le but du GFC est d'établir une « gigantesque base de données en ligne » qui inclurait « la reconnaissance vocale et faciale, la télévision en circuit fermé... [et] des enregistrements de crédits »[50]. According to the government's white paper in 2010 on the subject of Internet in China, the government protects "the safe flow of internet information and actively guides people to manage websites under the law and use the internet in a wholesome and correct way". Ainsi depuis octobre 2012 les mots censurés par le site incluent Tank Man[96]. À l'approche des JO de Pékin 2008, chaque jour, 20 000 et 30 000 cyberpoliciers surveillent, bloquent et censurent Internet[60]. Par ailleurs, un nombre important de netizens en Chine se plaignent qu'ils n'ont pas accès à certains sites occidentaux tels que Twitter, Hotmail et Flickr les jours précédant et durant l'anniversaire[100]. Technorati, a search engine for blogs, has been blocked. Un des problèmes majeurs de la mise en vigueur est la détermination de la juridiction compétente. [citation needed], Reporters Without Borders suspects that regimes such as Cuba, Zimbabwe, and Belarus have obtained surveillance technology from China. Marketplace journalists got exclusive access to an undercover RCMP investigation into major scam calls that have bilked Canadians of millions of dollars. China will embed police in internet company offices. Reporting and Policing Internet Crimes in China Internet-related crimes are covered by a number of regulations in China and are becoming increasingly important as e-commerce develops in China. Des citoyens chinois utilisent un miroir de Google, elgooG depuis que la Chine a complètement bloqué le site californien[148]. Qiu, Jack L. Virtual Censorship in China: Keeping the Gate Between the Cyberspaces. [6] As required by the government, major internet platforms in China established elaborate self-censorship mechanisms. [87], In the second half of 2009, the social networking sites Facebook and Twitter were blocked, presumably because of containing social or political commentary (similar to LiveJournal in the above list). En revanche, les sites pouvant aider à contourner la censure, comme Freenet et Peek-a-Booty sont bloqués. [146][147], In February 2018 Xi Jinping appeared to set in motion a process to scrap term limits, allowing himself to become ruler for life. Before the search engines censored themselves, many search engines had been blocked, namely Google and AltaVista. A website that lists and detects all blocked websites by GFW. The blocking focused mainly on any form of collective action (anything from false rumors driving riots to protest organizers to large parties for fun), pornography, and criticism of the censors. Cyprus Police . » Le document ajoute que les individus et entreprises étrangers peuvent utiliser Internet en Chine, mais ils doivent se soumettre aux lois du pays[12]. ", "Democratic Republic of Congo internet shutdown shows how Chinese censorship tactics are spreading", "China's Xinjiang surveillance is the dystopian future nobody wants", "China's media censorship could have cost thousands of lives by preventing early coronavirus warning, journalism watchdog argues", "China clamping down on coronavirus research, deleted pages suggest", "Winnie the Pooh censored in China after President Xi Jinping comparisons", "Cesored! Just as the Chinese government had expected, the number of internet users in China soared from nearly 0 percent in 1994, when the Internet was introduced, to 28.8 percent by 2009. How U.S. Tech Giants Are Helping to Build China’s Surveillance State A nonprofit led by Google and IBM executives is working with Semptian, whose technology is monitoring the internet … Le gouvernement chinois est devenu plus efficient dans sa régulation d'Internet depuis le 20e anniversaire des manifestations de la place Tianan'men. Hong Kong Bank Scam and Internet Investigation Unit. In February 2020, China arrested two of its citizens for taking it upon themselves to cover the COVID-19 pandemic. Series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone later issued a mock apology. Certains des microblogueurs les plus populaires de RPC ont ainsi été arrêtés. The mobile Opera Mini browser uses a proxy-based approach employing encryption and compression to speed up downloads. « compte le plus grand nombre de journalistes et de cyber-dissidents emprisonnés dans le monde », « est la plus grande prison au monde pour, Aide technique des sociétés étrangères à la censure, Exemples spécifiques de la censure d'Internet, Manifestations de la place Tian'anmen de 1989, Débats sur la signification de la résistance d'Internet à la censure, Censure Internet de la manifestation en 2013, au 20e anniversaire, Censure Internet de la manifestation en 2019, au 30e anniversaire, « Si vous ouvrez la fenêtre pour aérer, vous devez vous attendre à faire entrer des mouches », « Exposition compréhensive du système d'information chinois », « une cristallisation de la sagesse humaine. The excessive censorship practices of the Great Firewall of China have now engulfed the VPN service providers as well. "[47], In July 2019, Cyberspace Administration of China announced a regulation that said that Internet information providers and users in China who seriously violate related laws and regulations will be subject to Social Credit System blocklist. The Internet police in China: regulation, scope and myths @inproceedings{Ang2011TheIP, title={The Internet police in China: regulation, scope and myths}, author={Xiaoyan Chen and Peng Hwa Ang}, year={2011} } List of websites blocked in mainland China, Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Independent Commission Against Corruption, Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries, Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism, Information operations and information warfare, Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location, China Internet Network Information Center, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet_censorship_in_China&oldid=1006266149, Articles with dead external links from May 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with anachronisms from February 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2020, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2021, Pages using photo montage without center alignment, Pages using photo montage with one or fewer images, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Inciting to resist or obstruct the implementation of, Fabricating or distorting the truth, spreading rumors, destroying the order of, Publicly insulting or distorting the truth to. [167] On 7 November 2005 an alliance of investors and researchers representing 26 companies in the U.S., Europe and Australia with over US$21 billion in joint assets announced[168] that they were urging businesses to protect freedom of expression and pledged to monitor technology companies that do business in countries violating human rights, such as China. Police in eastern China have busted a 7.8 billion yuan ($1.1 billion) online gambling ring and arrested 56 suspects, the official Xinhua news agency reported on Sunday. [29] The content of the first regulation stated that Internet service providers be licensed and that internet traffic goes through ChinaNet, GBNet, CERNET or CSTNET. They then become normal terms that carry significant political meanings that oppose the government. "陆肆", for example, is an alternative to "六四" (4 June). La version chinoise de MySpace, lancée en avril 2007 possède de nombreuses différences à cause de la censure par rapport aux autres versions internationales du service. Un exemple est le New York Times qui a été débloqué quand les journalistes ont demandé dans un entretien à Jiang Zemin, les raisons du blocage, celui-ci a répondu qu'il allait s'en occuper. [87], A lot of larger Japanese websites were blocked from the afternoon of 15 June 2012 (UTC+08:00) to the morning of 17 June 2012 (UTC+08:00), such as Google Japan, Yahoo! L'entreprise américaine bloque alors les sites que le gouvernement chinois considère comme illégaux[22]. En février 2006, Google fait une concession significative en faveur du grand Firewall de Chine, en échange d'installations d'équipements sur le sol chinois. La Chine 中国 (Zhongguó), pays de l'Asie orientale, est le sujet principal abordé sur ce guide en ligne ; celui-ci est mis à jour pour et par des passionnés depuis 2001.Cependant, les autres pays d'Asie du sud-est ne sont pas oubliés avec en outre le Japon, la Corée, l'Inde, … The study revealed that censors quickly deleted words with politically controversial meanings (e.g., qingci 请辞 "asking someone to resign" referring to calls for Railway Minister Sheng Guangzu to resign after the Wenzhou train collision on 23 July 2011), and also that the rate of message deletion was regionally anomalous (compare censorship rates of 53% in Tibet and 52% in Qinghai with 12% in Beijing and 11.4% in Shanghai). The company's net income in 2018 has risen 140 percent. Google indique avoir les preuves que ces attaques devaient permettre d'investir les comptes Gmail de ces militants. [187] In addition to the public relays, Tor maintains bridges which are non-public relays.
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