[citation needed], Detailed studies were carried out by the successful consortium, steered by the highways authority until mid-1998. [citation needed], The steel road deck, and the hydraulic action of the road deck were designed by the Walloon engineering firm Greisch from Liège, Belgium,[16] also an information and communication technologies (ICT) company of the Walloon Region. Millau bridge is 2460 meters long and the main span is 342 meters. The builders, Eiffage, financed the construction in return for a concession to collect the tolls for 75 years,[2][3] until 2080. © Copyright 2021 Foster + Partners. The six central spans measure 342 metres (1,122 ft), and the two outer spans are 204 metres (669 ft). Now it is literally a 5 minute drive at 65 mph. A further advantage of this process was to make negotiating the contract easier, reducing public expense, and speeding up construction, while minimising such design work as remained for the contractor. Viaduc de Millau) – wiadukt w ciągu autostrady A75 nad doliną rzeki Tarn w południowej Francji, w pobliżu miasta Millau. By continuing to use this website, you agree to the use of cookies. [citation needed], The only other business that had a notable role on the building site was Freyssinet, a subsidiary of the Vinci Group specialising in prestressing. At times of low traffic volume, the central booth is capable of servicing vehicles in both directions. 14 December 2001: laying of the first stone, March 2002: start of work on the pier support C8, June 2002: support C8 completed, start of work on piers, July 2002: start of work on the foundations of temporary, height adjustable roadway supports, August 2002: start of work on pier support C0, September 2002: assembly of roadway begins, 25–26 February 2003: laying of first pieces of roadway, November 2003: completion of the last piers (piers P2 at 245 metres (804 ft) and P3 at 221 metres (725 ft) are the highest piers in the world), 28 May 2004: the pieces of roadway are several centimetres apart, their juncture to be accomplished within two weeks, 2nd half of 2004: installation of the pylons and shrouds, removal of the temporary roadway supports, 16 December 2004: opening of the viaduct, ahead of schedule, 10 January 2005: initial planned opening date, The highest pylons in the world: pylons P2 and P3, 244.96 metres (803 ft 8 in) and 221.05 metres (725 ft 3 in) in height respectively, broke the French record previously held by the. Each mechanism atop the pylons consisted of a computer-controlled pair of wedges under the deck manipulated by hydraulic. view of the Tarn valley, with the town of Millau, from the north end of the Viaduct de Millau [the Viaduct is behind viewer] Millau has a population of slightly more than 22,000 people, and has recently recruited two extra staff at the Tourist Office to help with queries about … The builder claims that the lifetime of the bridge will be at least 120 years. Simultaneously, a school of international experts representing a wide spectrum of expertise (technical, architectural, and landscape), chaired by Jean-François Coste, was established to clarify the choices that had to be made. The central box beams have a 4 metres (13 ft 1 in) cross-section, and a length of 15–22 metres (49–72 ft) for a total weight of 90 metric tons (99 short tons). The engineering group Setec has authority in the project, with SNCF engineering having partial control. [citation needed]. The cost of construction was approximately € 394 million. [citation needed], The pylons, road deck, masts, and cable stays are equipped with a multitude of sensors to enable structural health monitoring. Some would say it's also not the most elegant. It was built over three years, formally inaugurated on 14 December 2004, and opened to traffic two days later on 16 December. “The Millau Viaduct ranks among our most brilliant civil engineering achievements. Millau Viaduct designed by architect Norman Foster. The stays connecting the masts and the deck were then installed, and the bridge was tensioned overall, and weight tested. Le viaduc de Millau est un pont à haubans franchissant la vallée du Tarn, dans le département de l'Aveyron, en France. One particularly busy area, near the town of Millau, about 120 km west of Avignon, is about to get a spectacular new bridge that is expected to cut travel times by as much as 2 hours. Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed bridge located in Southern France. Commissioned in 2004, the Millau viaduct (Aveyron), on the A75 motorway linking Clermont-Ferrand and Béziers, is a record-breaking bridge, not only in terms of sheer dimensions - 343 m high for the highest pier and 2,460 m long - but also because it required fourteen years’ preparation work and three years’ construction work... with the mobilisation of all Eiffage’s divisions, i.e. The bridge goes over the Millau valley and the river Tarn. Before the bridge was constructed, traffic had to descend into the Tarn valley and pass along the route nationale N9 near the town of Millau, causing much traffic congestion at the beginning and end of the July and August holiday season. The cost of this work amounted to € 5.8 million: Unusually for a bridge closed to pedestrians, a run took place in 2004, and another on 13 May 2007:[citation needed], 2004 bridge across Tarn near Millau, France, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, information and communication technologies, Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections, List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans, "The 10 greatest engineering feats of the decade", "10 greatest modern day engineering marvels of the world", "Top 10 modern engineering marvels in the world", "Décret 2001-923 du 8 octobre 2001 approuvant la convention de concession passée entre l'Etat et la Compagnie EIFFAGE du viaduc de Millau pour le financement, la conception, la construction, l'exploitation et l'entretien du viaduc de Millau et le cahier des charges annexé à cette convention", "ARCADIS tekende voor hoogste brug ter wereld", "Final hydraulic launch successfully closes last gap in the Millau Viaduct in the south of France", "Database of ICT companies in the Walloon Region", "The art of cable-stayed bridges on the Meuse and all over Europe", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJWblykm9Tc, https://acivengstudent.com/2019/09/06/millau-viaduct-bridge/, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlbTNJ0AU1Y, "A specific surfacing extensively tested! At the bottom of each pylon, a tread of 3–5 metres (10–16 ft) in thickness was installed to reinforce the effect of the deep shafts. Between each of them, eleven stays (metal cables) are anchored, providing support for the road deck. From 1991 to 1993, the structures division of Sétra, directed by Michel Virlogeux, carried out preliminary studies, and examined the feasibility of a single structure spanning the valley. The Millau Viaduct is a magnificent example, in the long and great French tradition, of audacious works of art, a tradition begun at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by the great Gustave Eiffel. The choice of the 'high' solution was decided by ministerial decree on 29 October 1991. The surface is somewhat flexible to adapt to deformations in the steel deck without cracking, but it must nevertheless have sufficient strength to withstand motorway conditions (fatigue, density, texture, adherence, anti-rutting etc.). In addition to hydraulic jacks on each plateau pushing the road decks, each pylon was topped with a mechanism on top of each pylon that also pushed the deck. Each of its sections spans 342 metres and its piers range in height from 75 metres to 245 metres, with the masts rising a further 87 metres above the road deck. - See 2,453 traveler reviews, 1,583 candid photos, and great deals for Millau, France, at Tripadvisor. Every three days, each pylon increased in height by 4 metres (13 ft). Interestingly, alternative readings of the topography suggested two possible structural approaches: to celebrate the act of crossing the river; or to articulate the challenge of spanning the 2.46 kilometres from one plateau to the other in the most economical and elegant manner. It is 343 meters high, a world record. There are 30 kilometres (19 mi) of high-current cables, 20 kilometres (12 mi) of fibre optics, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) of low-current cables, and 357 telephone sockets; allowing maintenance teams to communicate with each other and with the command post. Millau viaduct 1. [citation needed], The project required about 127,000 cubic metres (166,000 cu yd) of concrete, 19,000 tonnes (21,000 short tons) of steel for the reinforced concrete, and 5,000 tonnes (5,500 short tons) of pre-stressed steel for the cables and shrouds. [citation needed], All the member companies of the Eiffage group had some role in the construction work. [10] The first plans for a bridge were discussed in 1987 by CETE, and by October 1991 the decision was made to build a high crossing of the Tarn by a structure of around 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) in length. The toll plaza is protected by a canopy in the shape of a leaf, formed from tendrilled concrete, using the ceracem process. Bridges are often considered to belong to the realm of the engineer rather than that of the architect. [citation needed], The construction Millau Viaduct broke several records:[citation needed], Since opening in 2004, the deck height of Millau has been surpassed by several suspension bridges in China, including Sidu River Bridge, Baling River Bridge, and two spans (Beipan River Guanxing Highway Bridge and Beipan River Hukun Expressway Bridge) over the Beipan River. In high winds, they continuously monitor the reactions of the Viaduct to extreme conditions. The incredible Millau Viaduct bridge was opened in December 2004 and is the highest bridge in the world, standing 270 meters (890 feet) over the Tarn River and is more than 340 meters (1,125 feet) in height at the top of its highest mast. A cable-stayed, masted structure, the bridge is delicate, transparent, and has the optimum span between columns. '"The Millau Viaduct is a magnificent example, in the long and great French tradition, of audacious works of art, a tradition begun at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries by the great Gustave Eiffel," … [citation needed], Numerous organisations opposed the project, including the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), France Nature Environnement, the national federation of motorway users, and Environmental Action. The toll plaza is on the A75 autoroute; the bridge toll booths and the buildings for the commercial and technical management teams are situated 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the viaduct. Viaduc de Millau, Millau Picture: machine de la construction - Check out Tripadvisor members' 3,902 candid photos and videos. Not only does this give the bridge a dramatic silhouette, but crucially, it also makes the minimum intervention in the landscape. After starting on the northern side, they crossed the viaduct, then retraced their steps. View the interactive image by Rousseau Enzo. Add text, web link, video & audio hotspots on top of your image and 360 content. [25] It was inaugurated by the prefect of Aveyron, Chantal Jourdan, on 30 June 2006, after 7 months of works. The design team was led by engineer Michel Virlogeux and English architect Norman Foster. Five consortia tendered:[citation needed], Piers were built with Lafarge high performance concrete. [citation needed], The bridge road deck was constructed on plateaus at both ends of the viaduct, and pushed onto the pylons using bridge launching techniques. [citation needed], Twelve fibre optic extensometers were installed in the base of pylon P2.
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